Claudio Monteverdi Essay Example

Claudio Monteverdi Essay Example Claudio Monteverdi Paper Claudio Monteverdi Paper Monteverdi letters do provide great insight into his life, but the fact remains that the most important biographical documents and dates are missing (Redline, 1-2). Even information on his ancestors and immediate family is sparse because most of them are unknown, the exact dates of his father and mothers birth and death are even unknown (Redline, 2-3). The most startling secret of Monteverdi existence Is that his body Is lost; his remains are known to be In a public tomb of the Chapel of Santa Imbroglio In the del Frail Church, but no one can Identify his remains from the remains of all the other people that were put to rest there (Moldier, 386). While much of Monteverdi biographical information may be lost, his letters and influential music provide a wealth of information on his life (Redline, Examine). Monteverdi life is known to have begun in Ceremony, Italy, but the exact date of the birth is not known (Examine, 117-118; Redline, 4). His birth has been established to be in the early part of May 1 567, and the baptismal records at the Church of S. Nazarene and S. Cells in Ceremony confirm this time. The church records reveal Monteverdi birth date to be May 15, 1567 (Redline, 4). While the Church register of baptisms does provide a birth date for Monteverdi, it also creates confusion about the spelling of Claudio last name (Raddled, 4). The church records provide the spelling Monteverdi, which contradicts the spelling: Monteverdi that Is present on all of the Orlando 121 letters (Raddled, 4). The confusion about the name Is completed by the spelling that is in printed collective editions of his works, which reads Monteverdi (Redline, 4). The spelling Monteverdi takes precedence because Claudio as known to have not overseen all the printed editions (Redline, 4). While Monteverdi name and life was a confusing composition of secrets, his familys lives were not any more revealing. Monteverdi was the first born of five children, and biographers only mention one of the siblings, Gigolo Cesar, as having any significant presence in his life (Redline, 3). Monteverdi was probably the closest with his brother that was six years younger than him because they shared the ambition to have musical careers (Redline, 3). Cesar first appeared In 1607 as the publisher of Monteverdi Scherzo Musical and as the tutor of the Deliberation, which was strongly Influenced by Monteverdi (Raddled, 3). The relationship between Monteverdi and Cesar Is Implied to be a happy one, which can be illustrated by Monteverdi inclusion of two small original compositions of Curares In Nils volume AT ten scenery Cesar neon an organs post In Castellated, and he was later Maestro did Chapel at Solo Cathedral in 1612 (Redline, 3-4). He seems to have had an intimate relationship with Monteverdi during the Mutant period of Claudio life, yet he is not mentioned after the year 1612. His arenas are completely different in the amount of information that is known about them; his mothers maiden name and Christian name are unknown, and she is mentioned very little in any sources on the topic of Monteverdi life (Redline, 1-2). Ballades, Monteverdi father, is much more evident in Claudio life (Redline, 3); Ballades was a doctor, which provided his family with a comfortable lifestyle and his children with a classical education under the best teachers (Redline, 3). The teacher that Ballades chose for his sons (Claudio Monteverdi) musical education was Marc Antonio Engineering; Ballades was a cultured man with the means o provide the best for his son (Redline, 4). Engineering was without a doubt the most important musician within the boundaries of Ceremony (Redline, 4). Claudio was a pupil of Engineers for ten years, which can be illustrated by Monteverdi mention of him on the title-pages of Monteverdi compositions during that time period, 1580-1590 (Redline, 5). There was a three-year gap between Monteverdi books of madrigals at that time, but the sub-title of the later publication that mentions Engineering implies that the master and pupil were together (Redline, 5). Under the audience of Engineering, Claudio composed Continually at the age of fifteen; the work showed the pupils complete understanding of the three-part vocal writing style (Redline, 5). Monteverdi was an oddity in that he had already published four diverse works: tracing, sacred madrigals, contrasts, and secular madrigals before he was twenty years old; this musical foundation was laid by his master, Engineering (Redline, 5). The first time that Engineers name is absent from the title-page is in 1590 when Monteverdi dedicates a book of madrigals to his new master, the Duke of Mantra; his is the last time Engineers name is mentioned in accordance with Monteverdi (Redline, 6). Monteverdi career at the Court of Mantra began in 1590, but he on probation during this year (Redline, 6). He was only accepted for a permanent position at the beginning of 1591 (Redline, 6); he was hired as a singer and violist (Examine, 117-118). He served there for 21 years (Examine, 117-118), and during this time he was promoted to Cantors, which is basically a music director (Redline, 9). During Monteverdi career at Mantra he created many great works, including his and Mantas first opera, Refer (Shards, 224-225). The opera was performed in 1607, and it was a lavish production (Examine, 119-120). Refer contained star soloists, a chorus, dancers, and a large orchestra of about forty players; the lavish setting of the opera was mostly per request of Monteverdi master (Examine, 119-120). Monteverdi master, Vincent I Conga, was an important part of his life; he was the one that promoted Monteverdi in 1592 (Redline, 6,9), and he was the one that gave approval to Monteverdi choice of bride (Redline, 9). Claudio new wife was Claudia Castanet, the daughter of Monteverdi violist colleague, was a professional singer (Redline, 9). The two were married in the later part of 1594 or early in 1595, while Monteverdi was still serving at the Mutant Court (Redline, 9). The couple had two sons during their twelve-year marriage, but they also struggled Dialectally (Really, 1 I en years AT Atlanta trouble spanned Trot to 1607, which was also a time of illness for Claudia (Redline, 15). The Monteverdi family moved to Ceremony to live with Ballades, Monteverdi father, who cared for Claudia (Redline, 15). The stress from their debts caused Claudia health condition to worsen, and she died on September 10, 1607 (Redline, 15). She left Claudio a widower t the age of forty (Redline, 39-40) and with two sons: ages seven and two (Redline, 15). After Claudio and Claudia short marriage and her death, Monteverdi went into a time of oblivion and chastity (Redline, 42-43; Mainliner, 388). Monteverdi may have not known it during that time of pain for him, but he would be musically active again. He would be considered the bridge between two musical periods (Redline, 35). Monteverdi comprised both the Early Baroque and Venetian periods; he was able to live through the crossover between the two periods (Redline, 35). Each musical period had a part in shaping Monteverdi career. Works of the Baroque period (1600-1750) were known to be extremely emotional; it was a time of lavish and dramatic proportions, especially in music (Examine, 98). The best Baroque music is from the later part of the period, but the early period composers were the most revolutionary; this is the category Monteverdi fit into (Examine, 98). In Italy, especially, music was created or composed with texts that conveyed ultimate emotion; the text was the most prominent part of the music (Examine, 98). These reasons led to the creation of opera. Opera was conceived in Italy from the discussions of the Camera, small group of nobles, poets, composers, and other artists who began to meet regularly in Florence in 1575 (Examine, 116). The Camera wanted to create a new vocal style based on music of ancient Greek tragedies; it was designed to be midway between melody and speech (Examine, 116). While Monteverdi was not a member of the Camera, his first opera, Refer, followed the ideal the group had set up for opera (Mainliner, 393). Monteverdi, like other Early Baroque composers, preferred homophobic texture because he felt the words could be projected more clearly with one main melody and only a choral accompaniment (Examine, 98). Most of the Baroque opera was composed for ceremonial occasions at court and was designed as a display of magnificence and splendor (Examine, 116-117). Monteverdi operas and productions at the Court of Mantra are a perfect illustration of this Baroque period characteristic. The subject matter of the Baroque operas was Greek mythology and ancient history; the aristocratic patrons loved the classical civilizations of Greece and Rome and related to the Greek and Roman divinities and heroes (Examine, 116-117). Monteverdi went along with these ideals because he knew that while opera was a retentive expression, it was also a way to flatter and gain the acceptance of aristocracy (Examine, 1 17). While Monteverdi appreciated the ways of aristocracy as a way to gain success musically, he had a growing discomfort with the courts of princes and an increasing skepticism towards aristocratic methods of business (Redline, 44). These feeling became more apparent during Monteverdi Venetian period in his later years, which stems from his sudden and inhumane dismissal from the Mutant Court (Redline, 44). Monteverdi master at Mantra, Vincent l, died and left his heir, Francesco V, who dismissed Monteverdi without cause (Redline, 44). Even though Monteverdi felt negatively towards some aspects of his society, he was mostly unaffected by them (Mainliner, 393). He was more concerned with creating music of emotional Intense TTY en 010 not care auto skeletal or religious motives Duty simply artistic ones (Examine, 118-119). Monteverdi aspirations in the musical world were simply to create the highest degree of expressionism; he did not want to create new forms, he did not want to please nobles, and he did not want to gain spiritual enlightenment (Mainliner, 393). Even though these were not Monteverdi goals, he still attained them in some way. His relation to religion is the most ironic; he did not seem to be a spiritual man, yet much of the success of his career is based on religious positions he held and spiritual music he created (Mainliner, 392-395). The time period that Monteverdi lived in was the cause of most of his religious works and posts; the earlier portion of Monteverdi lifetime made spiritual music and musicians dominant (Redline, 46-47). Official musical posts were controlled exclusively by ecclesiastical appointments; Monteverdi appointment as Maestro did Chapel did San Marco outweighed any secular post (Redline, 46, 47, 48). He held this position at SST. Marks Church in Venice from 1613 until his death, thirty years (Examine, 118). Even in Monteverdi younger years of composition and training, many of his published works were dedicated to Ceremonies clergy and nobles (Redline, 5). Monteverdi relationship to the church seemed purely traditional (Redline, 43-44), but he was actually Just doing what was necessary to get his music heard (Shards, 247-248). This can be proven by the fact that Monteverdi did not compose sacred or elisions music until he was ordered to compose it by his master at the Court of Mantra in 1601 (Shards, 247-248). It was twenty-eight years before he published new sacred music, but his secular or nonreligious music was published regularly (Shards, 247-248). While he did not seem to enjoy his religious works, they, such as: the Miss and Vespers are considered to be some of his greatest compositions (Redline, 146-147). Claudio was also known to change the words of his secular works to make them into religious works that he was required by his society and his posts to create (Mainliner, 393-394). It is obvious that Monteverdi felt constrained by the religious requirements of his era, but change slowly occurred throughout Monteverdi lifetime. Music and the career of the musician changed slowly but drastically during Monteverdi life (1547-1643); colonization became more acceptable (Redline, 46-47). Even though Monteverdi was required to compose religious music, he was able to create secular music on the side (Examine, 118). Europe, especially Italy, became more of an artistic center; music became even more important for political functions for aristocracy (Redline, 46-47). While it was not Monteverdi intention to create new musical ideals and concepts in his works, he did manage to revolutionize music in many ways (Redline, 39). Monteverdi most dominant purpose in creating music was expressionism; he wanted to illustrate human nature through an artistic dramatic work (Shards, 226-227). He did not view musical forms as permanent or unalterable schemes or patterns for him to follow; Monteverdi used them as a guideline and altered them to achieve the dramatic effect he desired (Shards, 227). He compromised his mix of form and improvisation with the terms: Prima Practice and Seconds Practice (Redline, 117). Prima Practice accepted the art of polyphonic composing, and it made the music and words equally important (Redline, 117). Seconds Practice was extremely emotional; it is when the words climax with elemental force (Redline, 117). Monteverdi wanted to extend the previous range of emotions to Include gloating, excitement, Ana passion (Kamala, 1 achieved this intensity in his music by using more dissonance than ever before, and he would use new orchestral effects like pizzicato and tremolo to create angry and war-like feelings in some of his texts (Examine, 119). Claudio other musical achievements were: the discovery of orchestral color, which is blending the vocal and instrumental tones or timbres into a unique combination of sounds; his evolution of chromatics for expressionistic reasons; and the coining of characteristic types of motive (Redline, 39). Monteverdi music never followed the same pattern and was unpredictable; he was experimental enough to be considered revolutionary and traditional enough to be appreciated by society (Mainliner, 388). In the last phase of Monteverdi life during his Venetian period, he did not settle own as most composers of his time did (Redline, 37). He was very active musically; he published The Eighth Book of Madrigals in 1638 and Selves Morale e Spirituals in 1640 (Redline, 37). It is also during his older years that Monteverdi started to commission music again; he was seventy-four when he gave operas to the public opera houses (Redline, 48). Monteverdi even wrote for the first public opera house in Europe, San Casino (Examine, 118); it opened in Venice in 1637 (Redline, 48). Only a short time later, Monteverdi wrote his last opera: Oleomargarine did Poppa (Examine, 18). Monteverdi, along with other Early Baroque composers, was greatly forgotten until the 20th century with the invention of long playing records (Examine, 98). Even with the invention of records, only three of Monteverdi twelve operas are preserved and can be heard (Examine, 1 19). One of the remaining operas that can be listened to is Refer, which is the first opera ever written by Monteverdi (Examine, 119). It is also the first operatic masterpiece to be written by a professional musician (Examine, 117). Refer was composed in 1607 for the Mutant Court, and it was an ornate and lavish production (Examine 119-120). The story of the opera is one of Greek mythology, which is fitting because it was composed for Monteverdi aristocratic court that enjoyed the stories of Greek mythology and related to the characters (Examine 119-120). The myth and opera is about the very gifted musician Orpheus, the son of the god Apollo (Examine, 119-120). Orpheus is very happy after his marriage to Eurydice, but he is extremely depressed when he discovers the death of his new bride due to a poisonous snakebite (Examine, 119-120). Orpheus goes to the underworld or Hades to try and bring Eurydice back, which he able to do because of his musical talent (Examine, 119-120). Orpheus can bring her back to the world on the one condition that he cannot look back at Eurydice as he guides her out of Hades. In a moment of hesitation, Orpheus looks back at her, and she vanishes (Examine, 119-120). The opera ends with Apollo pitying Orpheus and allowing him to remain in Heaven eternally where he can gaze on Eurydice radiance in the sun and stars The specific movement that I feel encapsulates Monteverdi (Gamete, 119-120). Sino for expressionism and drama is in Act II; it is called Tu SE Mortar (Examine, 120). The translation of the title is: Mimi are Dead, which is what Orpheus is so intensely singing after the discovery of Eurydice death. This song is haunting because of its text, and its slow tempo and singular accompaniment. It seems as if Orpheus is all alone mourning the loss of his bride; it is a very intimate moment in the opera that made me feel uncomfortable as I listened to it, as if I should not have Eden listening In on tens mans private Ana sorrows LU moment. Scenically, LU SE Mortar is brilliant; it has a vocal line that is rhythmically free with barely any sense of beat or meter, and its phrases are irregular in length (Examine, These aspects of the song make Orpheus pain seem real; the odd rhythm, beat, meter, and phrase length make it sound as if Orpheus cannot contain his grief. This makes the song sound as if it were perfect at one time, technically, and now it is overcome with the pain of a lost love, so it is slightly off and does not sound completely correct or resolved. The songs oddities may also symbolize Orpheus life without Eurydice, which is now slightly off and does not seem to be correct. Monteverdi mastery of the past novelty of recitative is seen in Tu SE Mortar; the flexible setting of the text is meant to suggest the passionate speech of an actor declaiming his lines (Examine, 120-121). I definitely felt Orpheus passion as he sang the recitative, which provided the important information. The aria climaxed after the recitative, which made it even more powerful. I especially appreciated how Monteverdi made the word mortar very low, quiet, and eerie. It was as if Orpheus was whispering to Eurydice that she was dead, and Orpheus would then spiral into the aria, which I think symbolized his rage at the realization that his wife was actually dead. The song also involves lines about Orpheus bringing Eurydice back from the dead; these lines are also very loud and powerful. I think Monteverdi made these lines loud and extreme to show how determined Orpheus was to have his wife back. When Orpheus sings these lines, l will bring you back to me to see the stars again it is like he is singing to Eurydice like she is still alive.

Boy Oh Boy

Boy Oh Boy Boy Oh Boy Boy Oh Boy By Maeve Maddox This sentence in a newspaper feature about Civil War hero David O. Dodd, got me thinking about the word boy: Dodd is lionized in these parts as the â€Å"Boy Martyr of the Confederacy† although â€Å"Teen Martyr† would be a more accurate sobriquet for a young man who was only a year short of being old enough to be drafted into the Rebel army.† Dodd was 17 when Union troops occupying Little Rock hanged him in 1864. The word boy to refer to a 17-year-old seems a valid choice to me. Boy has been in the language since 1300. More than one etymology has been argued, but its origin is uncertain. Its earliest use in English was with the meaning â€Å"male servant† or â€Å"slave.† Note: Before boy came to mean â€Å"a male child,† the word girl was used to refer to young people of either sex. A speaker who wanted to refer to a â€Å"male ‘girl’† used the expression â€Å"knave girl.† Both words, boy and girl, had taken on their present meanings by the 1400s. In the British colonies and in the American South, boy was used to refer to non-white servants, regardless of age. Today, of course, such usage is considered to be extremely offensive. In France, until fairly recently, the usual term for summoning a waiter was garà §on, â€Å"boy,† but nowadays, serveur is the masculine term for â€Å"waiter.† Apart from its general meaning of â€Å"a young male, (usually below the age of puberty, or still in school),† boy occurs in a great variety of idioms that refer not just to male human beings of any age, but to dogs as well. Oh boy! Depending upon context and intonation, this exclamation can denote delight or dismay. For example, â€Å"Oh boy! I’ve won the lottery!† or, â€Å"Oh boy, you’re in trouble now. That’s my boy! A parent, proud of a son, might say this in approval of some accomplishment. Old boys’ club/old boys’ network: network of social and professional connections that perpetuate favoritism in government and other sectors. The expression originated with the British â€Å"public school† system. (In the U.K., â€Å"public schools† are elite private schools attended by the children of the wealthy.) Male graduates of exclusive schools were called â€Å"old boys.† Because of connections forged in school, these â€Å"old boys† went on to occupy highly placed jobs in government and commerce, helped by a previous generation of â€Å"old boys† who made up a segment of insiders. By extension, the expression can be used to refer to any kind of favoritism that makes advancement difficult for outsiders. There’s a good boy! An expression pet owners use with male dogs. Sometimes it is phrased as a question: â€Å"Who’s a good boy?† Down, boy! This expression is used to address a dog that is jumping on someone. By extension, it is used humorously to a man who reacts with interest when introduced to a good-looking woman. Our boys in uniform: Men serving in the military, regardless of age. Now that women are more visible in the military, the expression is not as common as it once was. Boys’ night out: A weekly social outing for friends, limited to men. Boys will be boys: An expression of resigned acceptance uttered when men do something despicable that is considered to be characteristic of age or sex. Send a boy to do a man’s job: to ask someone young, ill-equipped, or inexperienced to do difficult or complicated work. Usually in negative contexts, as â€Å"Never send a boy to do a mans job.† boy next door: Unlike most â€Å"boy† expressions, this one has a corresponding one for women: girl next door. The expressions denote a stereotypical personification of a young, unspoiled, admirable character whom one might safely fall in love with. boy king: Tutankhamen is often referred to as â€Å"the boy king.† Boy can be used in a descriptive sense with any noun: â€Å"boy wonder,† â€Å"boy genius.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:36 Adjectives Describing LightCapitalization Rules for Names of Historical Periods and Movements15 English Words of Indian Origin

PHILOSOPHY, GENDER AND CULTURE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

PHILOSOPHY, GENDER AND CULTURE - Essay Example Heterosexuals as such are justly given privileges that will offer them political power, religious sanction, sexual freedom, moral status, occupational and tax privileges, cultural validation, freedom to have and adopt children and raise families, recourse against unfair hiring practices psychiatric and juridical non-interference among others (Hopkins 95). Heterosexism does not have any emotional and rhetorical effect that is associated with homophobia. Heterosexism is the most appropriate term to be used in describing the reason as to why television couples are all straight. The reason as to why marriage and joint tax returns are only meant for heterosexuals, why lesbians and gays in the open cannot be elected to office? Why can heterosexuals be allowed to adopt children or be foster parents? On the contrary, heterosexism cannot be used to describe a case that happened in Texas where a group of ten teenagers stabbed a gay man to death. In respect to this, therefore, heterosexism are protected. The term c usually, the first term of binary is always good, but the second term is bad. Heterosexism builds concepts and behaviors to enable hierarchical heterosexist to react to binary hence becoming homophobic. It is not necessary that one should be white to be considered a racist same way heterosexists are perceived as homophobic (Hopkins 96). Heterosexism may be different because its direct and obvious personal threats to gays. It nonetheless puts the political arena in a way that homophobia can continue to exist. Heterosexism is culpable for the production of homophobic. He choose to use the term homophobia for cases like petitions for fascistic law, brutality, fanatic claims or arbitrarily firing gay employees, but it does not always mean to characterize homophobia as clinical or an irrational response because it would be inadequate. Homophobia has evolved as primarily a political term, not as a psychiatric one and does not contradicts claustrophobia or agoraphobia only if political arenas are the same. 2. Explain Hopkins’ concept of homophobia. Make sure to note the connection of the two in defining these terms though Hopkins Hopkins explains homophobia as a similar term as heterosexism. It is used to refer to economic, physical, and juridical abuse faced by gays. There is no clear boundary between heterosexism and homophobia. According to Hopkins, the two words are used, in political environments, to present political needs. Homophobia is somehow dysfunctional to an individual or a group. Homophobic activity has some powers that usually influence. In a homosexual case, the conflicts reaffirm the appearance of a man in heterosexuality hence gaining a sense of safety and stability and oneself. Basing on the childhood modeling, homophobic activity wins approval from peers and authority figure, pretests one from becoming the target of other homophobes, and reaffirms one’s place in a larger context of gender appropriate behavior th us protecting a person’s personal identity. In his hypotheses, Hopkins recognized the fact that there are rational and functional aspects of homophobia especially in a heteropatriarchal context leading to another explanation of homophobia that has reversed the second explanation. The theory explains that queers are a genuine political threat to heterosexuals and do intend to eliminate heterosexual privilege (Hopkins 99). Radical feminist lesbians and certain radical men gays directly challenge

Operations management-report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Operations management-report - Essay Example Additionally, key focus is on managing people in an effective manner where skill sets are analysed and accordingly responsibilities are offered in a systematic and planned manner. It was also found that Just in Time concept has helped the organisation in eliminating chances of huge wastage along with responding to the changes in the business and social environment. Overall, it was concluded that Total Quality Management (TQM is also practiced by the organisation helping in maintaining high quality standards. All these initiatives have helped the company to strengthen its operational framework along with being successful. Slack, et al (2010) stated that operations management is concerned with designing, controlling, and overseeing production processes along with redesigning business processes for better production of goods and services. Hill and Hill (2011) added that operations management ensures that business operations are efficient enough to use little but impactful and robust resources exceeding customers’ expectations in a meaningful manner. Simon (2010) added that operations management is concerned with the conversion of inputs in the form of raw material and energy into the output offering value and benefits to a number of customers. Slack, et al (2010) further added that operations management has a close relationship with business operations and the success of the later can only define the success of the former. In this regard, it is important to analyse the business operations and processes in a critical manner. Heizer and Render (2010) added that the senior management needs to develop business strategies and line officers need to take tactical decisions in order to make business operations successful. Simon (2010) stated that the success of operations management is dependent on formulating robust business objectives along with aligning

Judith Butler Response Essay Example for Free

Judith Butler Response Essay Judith Butlers Beside Oneself: On the Limits of Sexual Autonomy is an extremely philosophical essay that asks many questions that challenges the reader to look within themselves to search for their own interpretation of what they believe the answer to be. The first statement that Butler opens with is, What makes for a livable world is no idol question. This statement almost seems like a question directed to the reader. I believe that people interpret what they believe would make their lives bearable differently. What I may seem bearable for my own life may be unbearable to anothers. It is up to the individual to decide for themselves. Butler continues by saying, It becomes a question of ethics when someone from a position of power decides what makes other peoples lives bearable. To me, the question of what makes my own life bearable is my family. Other people may have different responses to that question. It is not up to one person to decide for others what they can live and cant live without. I interpreted this concept to mean that no one should tell another person who they should love or what can make their lives livable because it is different for all of us. There is no simple answer, therefore no one should be in the position to tell other people how to live their lives. Butler finds something in common that we all share. We all grieve the lives of someone we have lost. We are all vulnerable to the pains and desires that our bodies feel for other bodies and we are all alike in that sense. Mourning is a feeling that everyone goes through when we lose someone and we all go through it in different ways. No one can tell you how to mourn or what is the correct way to mourn just as no one should tell you what makes your life livable. We all experience emotional ties to feel a sense of self and once that is taken away we lose a part of ourselves. Butler claims that we undo each other or else we are missing something. I agree that having close relationships with people make us weaker. We are vulnerable when our feelings get in the way of our judgments. We find ourselves wanting to protect our loved ones with our lives and wanting to make sacrifices for them that we otherwise would not make for strangers. That is also what makes human ties and bonds so special. We have the ability to love passionately and grieve deeply. These extreme emotions are what make us human and make our lives worth living. No one person can say they have superiority over another because they live their lives how they see fit and correct for everyone else. Butler goes on to say that ecstasy is a way to view how we live besides ourselves. The notion of ecstasy is a way to describe our passion or grief. When politicians talk about rights for gays, lesbians and bisexuals, they are talking to the group as bounded beings who all share the same distinct qualities. Yes, they share the same lifestyles, but to look at them as a whole excludes what makes each individual unique and what passions and hardships tears them from their being. Our bodies are how gender and sexuality are revealed to others, but the categorizing of these specific groups of people excludes so much more information about them that we will never know. Butler is saying that we need to strive to get away from being subjected as just humans. This notion does not make much sense because our culture does not view this idea as a normal thought. In order to fully understand a group of people who have been stereotyped, you have to view each individual as not only human, but a being that houses a broad spectrum of emotions that leads to ecstasy that makes them feel beside themselves. There is so much to a person and we often find ourselves limiting their capabilities by subjecting them to a specific term. Butler is challenging the way society views people who have been stereotyped by explaining that there is much more to any given person than meets the eye.

Are arithmetical truths empirically falsifiable? :: essays research papers

Arithmetic and the study of arithmetic have been around for many centuries. Used by people to trade with each other, understand each others’ problems, build houses etc. Arithmetic is a huge part of everyday life for everyone on the planet. So why do we have arithmetical ideas and concepts? I think this is pretty simple. Arithmetic exists because we need it to live and interact with each other. A good way for us to understand each other is through arithmetic. Although it sounds like arithmetic was found by humans, there is no way that it could have been created by us. Arithmetic is more of something that was discovered, although it already existed in the world around us. It was discovered so we can use it to figure out everyday problems and to understand the people and world around us. Later through extensive mathematics arithmetic has also become commonly used in high level mathematics where things may not relate to real life right now or sometimes never. It is crucial to understand the difference between two kinds of mathematics to really understand the question of arithmetical truths being empirically falsifiable or not. These two contexts in which we can analyze mathematics are pure mathematics (imaginary world) and applied mathematics (the real world around us). The imaginary world is the world that is created by formulas and mathematicians to try to understand the world in a general matter with certain theories while applied mathematics deals with real world problems rather than going for a general explanation. We can make this distinction by saying that pure mathematics never really only deals with the real world when it is applied thus causing it to be used as applied mathematics. Thus pure mathematics to a point is the cause for applied mathematics but this does not mean that pure mathematics deals with real world problems but rather might be the answer to some of the problems in the real world. I would also like to make the question about â€Å"arithmetical truths might be empirically falsifiable† or not clear, because there can be misunderstandings. I think the key to understand is that if an arithmetical truth is falsifiable it in no way means that the arithmetical truth is false. It just implies that there is a possibility that it might have a wrong answer or may be proven wrong in one way. This means that it is falsifiable if it might have one wrong answer at some point in time rather than false all together.

Implications of Economics and Policy for Health Professionals

Getzen, T. states, health is irreplaceable, and any change in health can strongly affect the value of many other goods. Health is more precious and time more limited than money. Managed Care is a system of health care that combines delivery and payment; and influences utilization of services, by employing management techniques designed to promote the delivery of cost-effective health care. Insurers/managed-care organizations controls health care in the United States today because nowhere are the changes in the U. S. health services system more evident and more constant than in area of managed care. The shift from fee-for-service to manage care was the need to reduce costs for care and was embraced by various payers as the solution to the unchecked rise in health services expenditures (Barton 2007). The current health care system in the United States is failing. Health Care costs are increasing at a pace which far exceeds inflation. Managed care organizations were established as a cost effective alternative to traditional fee for service. A constant and constantly changing factor that influences the delivery system is the strength of this economy (Barton 2007). When jobs are at stake in a weak economy and the housing market is also at its lowest, insurance premiums steadily increasing, individuals aren’t focused on maintaining health coverage they are more concern with maintaining their homes and trying to pay the mortgage. Health Care Administrators will be challenged with a number of different types of health decisions and choices can be distinguished from a wide range: individual decisions, health policy decisions, health action decisions, regulatory decisions regarding the health system, micro-level health decisions and decisions made outside of the health sector. PubMed suggests, with regard to health-related matters, decision-making is characterized by the level of uncertainty, the complexity of the health system and its structure, the role of urgency and the obligation to act; however, there is a significant emotional factor in these decisions and the supremacy of the individual in the decision-making process. On the policy side, health-related decision-making poses questions concerning the role of expertise and necessitates the development of public debate. As for the matter of health financing, namely through social security and insurance, it calls for a re-examination of the economic analysis of health decisions and policy and the development of a more coherent position on the right to health versus the right to universal coverage. Healthcare is changing in terms of how and where care is delivered, who is providing those services, and how that care is financed. Healthcare Administrators require trained staff to manage the changes taking place. Healthcare Administrators have an opportunity to make a significant contribution to improving the health of the communities their organizations serve. Health Care Administrators plays a key role in keeping cost at a minimum and oversee the delivery of quality care. It is a must that Administrators make effective decisions, they need to be open to different opinions and good at analyzing contradictory information. They must understand and incorporate the best business practices. Also their focus is integrating medicine through the highest quality, the most access, for the best economical method. (Linden 2010)

Physical and Behavioural Indicators of Possible Child Abuse Essay

Emotional abuse: Emotional abuse can severely damage a child’s mental health or social development, leaving a lasting impact on his life. Physical indicators: There are not really physical indicators of emotional abuse, but the child may have frequent psychosomatic complaints, headaches, nausea, abdominal pains. Behavioural indicators: The child may have mental or emotional development lags. Sometimes the child’s behaviour is inappropriate for the age. The child may be scared of consequences of actions, often leading to lying. The other indicators are aggressiveness poor peer relationships or overly compliant, too well-mannered. Neglect: Child neglect is a very common type of abuse – a parent’s inability to satisfy basic needs of the child, whether it is adequate food, clothing, hygiene, and adequate monitoring and care for him. Physical indicators: You can understand that that the child is being abuse by unattended medical and dental needs. When the child is inappropriate dress for weather conditions and has poor hygiene. Other indicator is when the child is not attending school or is not registered. Behavioural indicators: Emotional indicators are depression, poor impulse control or have lack of parental participation and interest. Also the child misuse of alcohol/drugs or regularly displays fatigue or listlessness, falls asleep in class. The child may start stealing food, or begs for food from classmates. Physical abuse: Physical abuse includes physical injury or trauma to the child. It may be the result of a deliberate attempt to injure the child, but not always. It can be the result of strict discipline, the use of belt or physical punishment, inappropriate for the child’s age or it’s condition. Many abusive parents and guardians insist that their actions are simply forms of discipline, a way to educate children. But there is much difference between the use of physical punishment to enforce discipline and physical abuse. The main effect of discipline is to teach children what is right and what is not, rather than live in fear. Physical Indicators: Physical indicators may be injuries as bruises, welts, cuts, burns, bite marks, fractures, that are not consistent with the explanation offered (e.g. extensive bruising to one area).Also repeated injuries over a period of time or injuries that form a shape or pattern that may look like the object used to make the injury for example buckle, hand, iron, teeth or cigarette burns. Other indicators are facial injuries in infants and preschool children for example cuts, bruises or sores. Also bald patches on child’s head where hair may have been torn out or repeated poisonings and/or accidents. Behavioural indicators: Behavioural indicators are runaway attempts, fear of going home or stilted conversation, vacant stares or frozen watchfulness, no attempt to seek comfort when hurt, also when the child describes themself as bad and deserving to be punished. You can understand that the child is being abuse when cannot recall how injuries occurred, or offers an inconsistent explanation and often absent from school/child care. Abused child may flinch if touched unexpectedly and may be extremely aggressive or withdrawn .The child may also use abusive behaviour and language in play. Sexual abuse: Sexual abuse is a very complex form of abuse beacause of feelings of guilt and shame. Important to note that sexual abuse does not always involve contact with the body. Physical indicators: Physical indicators may be sudden weight change, cuts or sores made by the child on the arm or recurring physical ailments. Also when the child has difficulty in walking or sitting and unusual or excessive itching in the genital or anal area due to infection. Other indicators are torn, stained or bloody underwear, also injuries to the mouth, genital or anal areas for example bruising, swelling, sores or infection. Behavioural indicators: You can understand that the child being abuse when it is sad and cries often, also if the child inserts objects into the vagina or rectum. The child may also change or loss of appetite and has sleep disturbances and nightmares .Also the child has fear of home or a specific place, excessive fear of men or women or lacks trust in others. The child may has age-inappropriate sexual play with toys, themselves or others for example replication of explicit sexual acts.

Factoring Values into the Analytical Process

Factoring Values into the Analytical Process Introduction The decisions of policy-makers can be affected by the values that these people have. They are supposed to find solutions that best serve the interests of the community. However, very often, the efforts of legislators do not produce the expected results. This paper is aimed at discussing the role of values in adjusting for governmental failures. There are several aspects that should be considered.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Factoring Values into the Analytical Process specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More First of all, in many cases, governmental officials fail to reconcile conflicting values and examine a problem from various perspectives. Moreover, they can focus on short-term results, rather than long-term impact of a certain activity on various stakeholders. By avoiding these pitfalls, public administrators can design more efficient public policies. These are the main issues that should be examined in greater detail. Governmental failures and values The failure to look at the problem from various perspectives First, one can mention that policy-makers take decisions and provide justifications on the basis of their values. For example, one can mention such a controversial issue as oil drilling. A person, who focuses on the preservation of the environment, can emphasize the impacts of pollution on health and life of the community while presenting his/her arguments. In contrast, a politician, who attaches importance to economic development, will set stress on the benefits of this activity (Weimer Vining, 2010). In turn, these people may not be able to look at this question from various perspectives and design the most effective policies. Similarly, such a situation can occur when public administrators cannot properly evaluate the costs and benefits a certain initiative. This is one of the first problems that should not be overlooked. Evaluation of long-term implications Apart from that, the values of policy-makers affect the analytical approach that adopt. This argument is particularly relevant if one speaks about market interventions such as protectionism in the United States (Segal, 2010, p. 10). For example, a supporter of protectionist policies can pay more attention to the number of jobs that such a policy can save. In contrast, an opponent of this approach can say that this policy will deprive the budget of the country of substantial income (Weimer Vining, 2010). Moreover, customers may have to pay a higher price for identical products (Segal, 2010, p. 10). Such a view of the problem is not complete. In the long term, it can result only in the failures of well-intentioned laws.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Similar situations can be observed when governmental officials discuss the defense budget of a country. For example, those people, who v alue security, will speak about the threats that cannot be affectively addressed if the government does not increase its military expenses (Hewitt, 1991, p. 8). In contrast, other officials can emphasize the necessity to spend this money on other public needs. More importantly, these individuals are often unwilling to evaluate the long-term consequences of their decisions. Thus, one can argue that the values of a individual affect his/her choice of analytical framework. Conclusion On the whole, this discussion suggests that values play a critical for explain the failures of many governmental initiatives. Sometimes, the priorities of policy-makers can prevent them from examining the long-term consequences of their decisions. This problem should be taken into account by the legislators, who work on the development of laws. Provided that this issue is not addressed, their initiatives can lead to adverse consequences. Reference List Hewitt, D. (1991). Military Expenditure: International Comparison of Trends. Boston: International Monetary Fund. Segal, E. (2010). Social Welfare Policy and Social Programs: A Values Perspective. New York: Cengage Learning. Weimer, D., Vining, A. (2010). Policy analysis. New York: Longman.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Factoring Values into the Analytical Process specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More

Grammar Myths Ending a Sentence with a Preposition

Grammar Myths Ending a Sentence with a Preposition Grammar Myths: Ending a Sentence with a Preposition Why do people always misquote me? Winston Churchill Ending a sentence with a preposition has long been forbidden by grammar pedants. And when accused of doing this, Winston Churchill is supposed to have responded: This is the sort of nonsense up with which I will not put! Do you see what he did there? And even if he probably never said it, it provides a great jumping off point for discussing a famous grammatical â€Å"rule.† So is ending a sentence with a preposition really so bad? And if not, where did the rule come from? Let us explain. The Origins of the Myth Some people insist that it’s wrong to end a sentence with a preposition. This is otherwise known as using a â€Å"terminal preposition.† The rule about this comes from the notion that English should follow the same rules as Latin, in which it is impossible to end a sentence with a preposition. For someone who holds this view, sentence A below would be wrong: A) You are reading the book which my article was published in. B) You are reading the book in which my article was published. The problem is that sentence A ends with the preposition â€Å"in,† while sentence B places the preposition in the middle of the sentence. Arguably, this makes B sound more formal than A. But, at the same time, it is easy to understand what sentence A means. And English is not Latin, so there is no reason to follow Latin-specific rules. Modern English is much more flexible about preposition placement. And there’s no reason not to end a sentence with a preposition. Is Ending a Sentence with a Preposition Wrong? In English, we regularly use prepositions at the end of sentences. As long as the sentence in question reads clearly, this is fine. In fact, as shown by the quote attributed to Churchill above, avoiding terminal prepositions can sometimes make a sentence more confusing! For instance, rather than â€Å"up with which I will not put,† we would usually say: This is the sort of nonsense which I will not put up with! And while this sentence ends with the preposition â€Å"with,† it is easier to understand than the original version, which was designed to show what happens when we follow grammar â€Å"rules† blindly. The â€Å"rule† forbidding terminal prepositions is thus a myth. But, more importantly, it’s also bad advice! Most of the time, it’s fine to end a sentence with a preposition, especially if it’s part of a verb phrase such as â€Å"put up with.† The key is ensuring your work is clear and easy to read. And if you’re ever unsure whether you’re using prepositions correctly, we’re here to help!

Economic events Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Economic events - Essay Example Such historical instances of oil shocks had subsequent implications on the world’s economy in diverse ways. From observations of oil supply disruptions for over almost six decades now, from 1944, it is incontrovertible that high oil prices have been the significant cause of world’s major economic recessions. Introduction of Bretton Woods system was one of the post-war reconstruction initiatives undertaken by world leaders from over one hundred states. It is remarkable that the U.S dollar dominated during the world war for being very powerful against other currencies. The Bretton Woods system, a decision made in 1944, allowed for the exchange of different currencies. The conference also resolved to form the IMF. The World Bank was among the institutions formed during the conference. The IMF was created for the function of monitoring the different countries’ rates of exchange. It also served as an institution mandated to lend reserve currencies. The decision was to help countries with deficits to evade any circumstances that would cause devaluation of the country's currency and cause instability. The World Bank’s mandate was to issue capital needed to the underdeveloped countries as part of post-war reconstruction of the global economy. ... By the end of the second war, the U. S still experienced a relatively stable economic state compared to other countries. All the nations, therefore, decided to trade in dollar which was pegged to gold. The United States expressed its dedication to redeeming the international holdings of the dollar. The rate set was thirty-five dollars per ounce. This was the greatest reason for the stability in the financial system experienced after 1944. The gold standard set in 1944 ensured stability in the rates of exchange. Under the Bretton Woods system, there were exclusively limited conditions that would call for a reform of the value of gold in relation to the currency of any country. It led to the ceiling of the domestic money supply of every country. The 1970s, however, presented several challenges to the U.S currency following several economic conditions, which brought in many challenges to the stability of the dollar. There were the economic effects of the Vietnam War, for instance. The U .S, in 1971, made the decision that was later to have an effect on the entire world economy and cause a collapse of the stability that prevailed since 1944. Without consultations, the U.S disregarded the gold standard set in 1944. Floating rates started to function as compared to fixed rates after the uplifting of the pegging. Market trading remained the determinant of the currency value of all currencies. The effects of uplifting of the pegging on the oil price had extensive implications and were a cause of instability. Since the dollar is the global currency used in the crude oil market, a weak dollar would attract a high price of oil. An example is the high price of gasoline that